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http://www.qdio.cas.cn/2019Ver/News/kyjz/202301/t20230117_6600784.html
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近年来 中科院海洋所通过NPOCE国
际计划与巴布亚新几内亚大学建立了密切的合作关系，在新几内亚沿岸流域建立了长期连续潜标观测阵列。基于观测数据和数值模
拟，该研究发现所罗门海上400 m的平均输送中约54%通
过Vitiaz Strait流出，而在年际尺度上通过Vitiaz
Strait的ENSO信号（0.84
Sv）要弱于Solomon Strait（1.1
Sv），体现了Vitiaz Strait狭
窄地形对年际信号的限制作用。尽管如此，通过Vitiaz Strait的NGCUC仍
然携带显著的ENSO信号，该信号在向西输送的过程中明显减弱。流量
收支分析显示，在NGCUC向西输送并逐渐靠近赤道的过程中，与ENSO呈
反相关的SEC南分支逐渐汇入NGCUC中，
从而减弱了其年际变化强度。此外，El Nino期间NGCUC在
温跃层以上和以下分别表现出顺时针和逆时针的跨赤道环流异常，相反的环流异常出现在La
Nina期间。这种环流异常不是新几内亚沿岸的局地特征，而是ENSO循
环充放电过程中大尺度环流异常的一部分。该研究揭示了热带太平洋西边界流的重要分量-新
几内亚沿岸潜流在2015-2016极端El
Nino期间的变化规律，阐明了ENSO信
号在上下游复杂地形条件下的空间演变特征及其机制，进一步完善了对热带西太平洋环流年际变化的认识。 |
In recent years, the Institute of Oceanology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences has established a close
collaboration with the University of Papua New Guinea
through the NPOCE International Program, setting up a
long-term continuous subsurface observation array in the
coastal waters of Papua New Guinea. Based on the
observational data and numerical simulations, this study
found that about 54% of the average transport of 400 m in
the Solomon Sea is discharged through the Vitiaz Strait, and
the ENSO signal (0.84 Sv) through the Vitiaz Strait at the
interannual scale is weaker than that through the Solomon
Strait (1.1 Sv), reflecting the restriction of the narrow
topography of the Vitiaz Strait on the interannual signal.
Nevertheless, the NGCUC discharged through the Vitiaz Strait
still carries a significant ENSO signal, which is obviously
weakened in the process of westward transport. The budget
analysis shows that in the process of NGCUC westward
transport and gradually approaching the equator, the SEC
southern branch, which is inversely correlated with ENSO,
gradually merges into NGCUC, thus weakening its interannual
variability. In addition, during El Nino, the NGCUC shows
clockwise and counterclockwise cross-equatorial circulation
anomalies above and below the thermocline, respectively,
while the opposite circulation anomalies appear during La
Nina. This circulation anomaly is not a local feature of the
coast of Papua New Guinea, but a part of the large-scale
circulation anomaly in the ENSO cycle charging and
discharging process. This study reveals the spatial
evolution characteristics and mechanisms of the ENSO signal
under the complex topographic conditions of the upstream and
downstream of the New Guinea coastal undercurrent, an
important component of the western boundary current in the
tropical Pacific, during the extreme El Nino period of
2015-2016, and further improves the understanding of the
interannual variability of the tropical Pacific circulation.
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https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT202102008.htm
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【摘要】：对
2012—2013年南海西沙和南沙沉积物捕获器中浮游有孔虫进行了分析,共鉴定出13属20种,群落组合以热带亚热带暖水属种
为主。上层捕获器中浮游有孔虫年通量在南沙海区(201 480枚·m~(-2)·y~(-1))明显较高,是西沙海区(99
676枚·m~(-2)·y~(-1))的两倍多。在西沙海区,下层捕获器浮游有孔虫年通量(207
386枚·m~(-2)·y~(-1))是上层的两倍多,且小粒径(150～250μm)壳体主要集中在下层,推测是区域的深层水流侧向搬运所导致。浮游
有孔虫总通量和主要属种Globigerinoides
sacculifer,G.ruber,Neogloboquadrina dutertrei,Globigerinita
glutinata,Globigerinella aequilateralis和Pulleniatina
obliquiloculata的通量均呈现出明显的季节变化。西沙浮游有孔虫的通量主要出现在冬半年,有两个明显峰值,分别出现在季风间歇期和冬季风盛
行期间;南沙浮游有孔虫通量则与季风变化密切相关,表现为冬夏"双峰型",在冬季12月—3月和夏季5月—8月呈现较高通量。南
沙夏季的通量峰值主要由Globigerinoides sacculifer贡献。Globigerina
bulloides几乎只在冬季出现,而Globigerinoides
conglobatus只出现在夏季,研究认为它们分别有作为南海冬季指示种和夏季指示种的潜力。 |
Analysis of planktonic foraminifera in
sediment traps from the Xisha and Nansha Islands in the
South China Sea during 2012-2013 identified 13 genera and 20
species, with tropical and subtropical warm-water species
dominating the community. The annual flux of planktonic
foraminifera in the upper traps in the Nansha area (201,480
ind. m-2 y-1) was significantly higher than that in the
Xisha area (99,676 ind. m-2 y-1), more than twice as much.
In the Xisha area, the annual flux of planktonic
foraminifera in the lower traps (207,386 ind. m-2 y-1) was
more than twice that in the upper traps, and the small-sized
(150-250 μm) shells were mainly concentrated in the lower
traps, suggesting that lateral transport caused by regional
deep-water currents was responsible. The total flux of
planktonic foraminifera and the fluxes of the main species,
Globigerinoides sacculifer, G. ruber, Neogloboquadrina
dutertrei, Globigerinita glutinata, Globigerinella
aequilateralis, and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, all showed
significant seasonal variations. The flux of planktonic
foraminifera in the Xisha area was mainly concentrated in
the winter half-year, with two obvious peaks occurring
during the inter-monsoon period and the winter monsoon
period; the flux of planktonic foraminifera in the Nansha
area was closely related to the monsoon, showing a "double
peak" pattern in winter (December-March) and summer
(May-August). The summer peak in the Nansha area was mainly
contributed by Globigerinoides sacculifer. Globigerina
bulloides almost only appeared in winter, while
Globigerinoides conglobatus only appeared in summer,
suggesting that they have the potential to be used as winter
and summer indicators in the South China Sea, respectively.
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https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDE201607003.htm
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Eddy Covariance technique(EC) achieves the
direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water
fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately
assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate
change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and
development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux
observation and research network(China FLUX), and
systematically introduced the design principle and
technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and
water fluxes coordinated observation system of China FLUX.
In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of
China FLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water
exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the
spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and
biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial
ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects
and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen
and water fluxes coordinated observation of China FLUX are
put forward to provide theoretical references for the
development of flux observation and research in China.
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The Eddy Covariance (EC) technique enables
direct measurement of carbon, nitrogen, and water fluxes in
terrestrial ecosystems, providing scientific data for
accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating
global climate change. This paper reviews the construction
and development of the Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Flux
Observation and Research Network (China FLUX), and
systematically introduces the design principle and
technology of the coordinated observation system for carbon,
nitrogen, and water fluxes. Furthermore, this paper
summarizes the main progress of China FLUX in the exchange
of carbon, nitrogen, and water, environmental controlling
mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen, and
water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the
regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment.
Finally, the prospects and emphases of the coordinated
observation of carbon, nitrogen, and water fluxes of China
FLUX are discussed, providing theoretical references for the
development of flux observation and research in China.
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https://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-DZDQ201601006039.htm
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The chemical compositions were measured in
rainwater samples collected during 2011-2012 from two
representative cities,Beijing in north China and Chizhou
city in south China.The rainwater was highly acidic with a
volume-weighted mean(VWM)pH of 4.56,ranging from 3.77 to
5.67,and about 94%of the samples had pH below 5.0 in
Chizhou.The pH values of rainwater in Beijing ranged from
3.78 to 6.62,with a VWM value of4.85.The predominant ions in
the precipitation were S_4~(2-),Ca~(2+)and NH_4~+at both
sites.The VWM concentrations of ions in rainwater were
higher in Beijing,and the S02~concentration of rainwater in
Beijing was about twice that in Chizhou.However,due to the
weaker neutralization of acidity,the rainwater from Chizhou
had relatively low pH values.According to the results of
linear regression analysis,the percentage of the potential
acidity counteracted by Ca~(2-)and NK_4~+was higher in
rainwater in Beijing(90.7%)than that in Chizhou(70.8%).Using
Na as an indicator of marine origin,and Al for the
terrestrial inputs,the proportions of sea salt and
terrestrial elements were estimated from elemental
ratios.More than 98%of SO_4~(2-)and Ca~(2+)in rainwater
samples are non-sea-salt origin at both sites.Coal
combustion may be the main source of SO_4~(2-),and local and
remote soil dust may be an important source of Ca~(2-)in
Beijing rainwater.The high concentrations of alkaline
ions(Ca~(2+)and NH_4~+)have played an important role to
neutralize the acidity of rainwater in Beijing. |
Chemical compositions of rainwater samples
collected from 2011-2012 in two representative cities,
Beijing in North China and Chizhou City in South China, were
measured. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH of the rainwater
was 4.56, ranging from 3.77 to 5.67 in Chizhou, and from
3.78 to 6.62 in Beijing with a VWM of 4.85. The predominant
ions in the precipitation were S_4~(2-), Ca~(2+) and NH_4~+
at both sites, with higher VWM concentrations in Beijing.
The S02~ concentration of rainwater in Beijing was
approximately twice that in Chizhou, however, due to weaker
neutralization of acidity, the rainwater from Chizhou had
relatively low pH values. Linear regression analysis showed
that the percentage of potential acidity counteracted by
Ca~(2-) and NK_4~+ was higher in Beijing (90.7%) than in
Chizhou (70.8%). Using Na as an indicator of marine origin,
and Al for terrestrial inputs, the proportions of sea salt
and terrestrial elements were estimated from elemental
ratios. Results showed that more than 98% of SO_4~(2-) and
Ca~(2+) in rainwater samples were of non-sea-salt origin at
both sites. Coal combustion was likely the main source of
SO_4~(2-), and local and remote soil dust may have been an
important source of Ca~(2-) in Beijing rainwater. The high
concentrations of alkaline ions (Ca~(2+) and NH_4~+) played
an important role in neutralizing the acidity of rainwater
in Beijing.
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https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5IOqn5bzRSOvju9bO13q7Q。
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2023年1月23日至26日，全球海洋观测伙伴关系（Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans，以下简称：POGO）第24次年会在法国土伦市以线上线下结合的形式召开。本次会议由法国海洋开发研究院承办，POGO 40余个成员单位的代表参加了本次会议。自然资源部第二海洋研究所（以下简称“海洋二所”）卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室王云涛研究员受邀参加了本次会议。
1月25日，王云涛通过视频参会的方式做大会报告，报告题目为“数字深海典型生境大科学计划实施计划（Digital DEPTH Action Plan）”。该报告旨在向POGO成员介绍拟申报联合国海洋可持续发展与利用十年计划（简称“海洋十年”）的大科学计划——数字深海典型生境（英文全称：Digital Deep-sea Typical Habitats，英文简称：Digital DEPTH）。该计划依托中国大洋事务管理局，由海洋二所李家彪院士担任首席科学家，已联合了全球6大洲35个国家59家机构以及4个国际组织共同申报。该计划聚焦海山、洋中脊、大陆坡和海底平原四类深海生境中易受人类活动和全球变化影响的区域，提升我们对于这些深海典型生境的观测、模拟和制图能力，从而有助于实现深海保护与可持续发展之间的平衡。参会成员对该大科学计划表示浓厚的兴趣，表达了共同推动该计划申请的意愿
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On January 23-26, 2023, the 24th annual meeting of the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO) was held in Toulon, France in a hybrid online and offline format. The meeting was hosted by the French Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, and representatives from more than 40 POGO member units attended. Dr. Wang Yuntao, from the State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, was invited to attend the meeting.
On January 25, Dr. Wang Yuntao attended the meeting via video and gave a presentation entitled "Digital DEPTH Action Plan" to introduce the POGO members to the large-scale scientific plan proposed for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (the “Ocean Decade”), namely the Digital Deep-sea Typical Habitats (Digital DEPTH). The plan is supported by the China Ocean Affairs Administration, with Academician Li Jiabiao as the Chief Scientist, and has been jointly proposed by 59 institutions from 35 countries in 6 continents and 4 international organizations. The plan focuses on areas in four deep-sea habitats (seamounts, mid-ocean ridges, continental slopes and abyssal plains) that are easily affected by human activities and global changes, aiming to improve our observation, simulation and mapping capabilities of these deep-sea typical habitats, thus helping to achieve a balance between deep-sea protection and sustainable development. The participants expressed strong interest in the large-scale scientific plan and expressed their willingness to jointly promote the application of the plan.
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